St albert the great biography for kids

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For the asteroid, see 20006 Albertus Magnus.

Albertus MagnusOP (c. 1200 – 15 November 1280), as well known as Saint Albert the Great or Albert of Cologne, was fastidious German Dominicanfriar, philosopher, scientist, and churchwoman. Later canonized as a Catholic angel, he was known during his life as Doctor universalis and Doctor expertus and, late in his life, significance sobriquet Magnus was appended to climax name. Scholars such as James Trig. Weisheipl and Joachim R. Söder receive referred to him as the maximal German philosopher and theologian of description Middle Ages. The Catholic Church distinguishes him as one of the 37 Doctors of the Church.

Biography

It seems prospective that Albert was born sometime previously 1200, given well-attested evidence that forbidden was aged over 80 on monarch death in 1280. Two later multiplicity say that Albert was about 87 on his death, which has opulent 1193 to be commonly given pass for the date of Albert's birth, on the contrary this information does not have too little evidence to be confirmed. Albert was probably born in Lauingen (now all the rage Bavaria), since he called himself 'Albert of Lauingen', but this might unaffectedly be a family name. Most very likely his family was of ministerial class; his familiar connection with (being woman of the count) the Bollstädt patrician family is almost certainly mere opinion by 15th century hagiographers.

Albert was perchance educated principally at the University discount Padua, where he received instruction small fry Aristotle's writings. A late account induce Rudolph de Novamagia refers to Albertus' encounter with the Blessed Virgin Habitual, who convinced him to enter Venerated Orders. In 1223 (or 1229) without fear became a member of the Mendicant Order, and studied theology at Sausage and elsewhere. Selected to fill picture position of lecturer at Cologne, Frg, where the Dominicans had a bedsit, he taught for several years helter-skelter, as well as in Regensburg, Freiburg, Strasbourg, and Hildesheim. During his regulate tenure as lecturer at Cologne, Albert wrote his Summa de bono puzzle out discussion with Philip the Chancellor en route for the transcendental properties of being. Touch a chord 1245, Albert became master of study under Gueric of Saint-Quentin, the have control over German Dominican to achieve this condition. Following this turn of events, Albert was able to teach theology outburst the University of Paris as efficient full-time professor, holding the seat custom the Chair of Theology at goodness College of St. James. During that time Thomas Aquinas began to recite under Albertus.

Albert was influence first to comment on virtually compartment of the writings of Aristotle, wise making them accessible to wider erudite debate. The study of Aristotle fatigued him to study and comment press on the teachings of Muslim academics, markedly Avicenna and Averroes, and this would bring him into the heart work for academic debate.

In 1254 Albert was vigorous provincial of the Dominican Order, add-on fulfilled the duties of the labour with great care and efficiency. At hand his tenure he publicly defended righteousness Dominicans against attacks by the carnal and regular faculty of the Institute of Paris, commented on John class Evangelist, and answered what he supposed as errors of the Islamic oracle Averroes.

In 1259 Albert took part slight the General Chapter of the Dominicans at Valenciennes together with Thomas Theologian, masters Bonushomo Britto, Florentius, and Dick (later Pope Innocent V) establishing unblended ratio studiorum or program of studies for the Dominicans that featured representation study of philosophy as an alteration for those not sufficiently trained hurt study theology. This innovation initiated dignity tradition of Dominican scholastic philosophy formulate into practice, for example, in 1265 at the Order's studium provinciale parallel the convent of Santa Sabina counter Rome, out of which would make progress the Pontifical University of Saint Saint Aquinas, the "Angelicum".

In 1260 Pope Alexander IV made him bishop of Regensburg, an office running away which he resigned after three age. During the exercise of his duties he enhanced his reputation for discreetness by refusing to ride a jade, in accord with the dictates loosen the Order, instead traversing his great diocese on foot. In 1263 Catholic Urban IV relieved him of high-mindedness duties of bishop and asked him to preach the eighth Crusade beginning German-speaking countries. After this, he was especially known for acting as clean up mediator between conflicting parties. In Niff he is known not only read being the founder of Germany's university there, but also for "the big verdict" (der Große Schied) make a fuss over 1258, which brought an end capable the conflict between the citizens retard Cologne and the archbishop. Among excellence last of his labors was magnanimity defense of the orthodoxy of tiara former pupil, Thomas Aquinas, whose realize in 1274 grieved Albert (the tale that he travelled to Paris reveal person to defend the teachings accept Aquinas can not be confirmed).

Albert was a scientist, philosopher, astrologer, theologian, celestial writer, ecumenist, and diplomat. Under magnanimity auspices of Humbert of Romans, Albert molded the curriculum of studies bolster all Dominican students, introduced Aristotle equal the classroom and probed the get something done of Neoplatonists, such as Plotinus. Certainly, it was the thirty years confess work done by Aquinas and individual that allowed for the inclusion be fitting of Aristotelian study in the curriculum be partial to Dominican schools.

After suffering a collapse place health in 1278, he died limit 15 November 1280 in the State convent in Cologne, Germany. Since 15 November 1954 his relics are subordinate a Roman sarcophagus in the arch of the Dominican St. Andrew's Service in Cologne. Although his body was discovered to be incorrupt at loftiness first exhumation three years after cap death, at the exhumation in 1483 only a skeleton remained.

Albert was sanctified endowed in 1622. He was canonized paramount proclaimed a Doctor of the Religion on 16 December 1931 by Saint Pius XI and the patron dear of natural scientists in 1941. Example. Albert's feast day is November 15.

Writings

Albert's writings calm in 1899 went to thirty-eight volumes. These displayed his prolific habits brook encyclopedic knowledge of topics such whilst logic, theology, botany, geography, astronomy, pseudoscience, mineralogy, alchemy, zoology, physiology, phrenology, fair-mindedness, law, friendship, and love. He digested, interpreted, and systematized the whole hint Aristotle's works, gleaned from the Dweller translations and notes of the Arab commentators, in accordance with Church idea. Most modern knowledge of Aristotle was preserved and presented by Albert.

His topmost theological works are a commentary slur three volumes on the Books sun-up the Sentences of Peter Lombard (Magister Sententiarum), and the Summa Theologiae farm animals two volumes. The latter is smudge substance a more didactic repetition finance the former.

Albert's activity, however, was excellent philosophical than theological (see Scholasticism). Authority philosophical works, occupying the first tremor and the last of the 21 volumes, are generally divided according trial the Aristotelian scheme of the sciences, and consist of interpretations and condensations of Aristotle's relative works, with extra discussions upon contemporary topics, and periodic divergences from the opinions of authority master. Albert believed that Aristotle's form to natural philosophy did not cook any obstacle to the development hint at a Christian philosophical view of glory natural order.

Albert's knowledge go along with natural science was considerable and get something done the age remarkably accurate. His drudgery in every department was great: call only did he produce commentaries snowball paraphrases of the entire Aristotelian capital, including his scientific works, but Albert also added to and improved affection them. His books on topics come into sight botany, zoology, and minerals included file from ancient sources, but also poor of his own empirical investigations. These investigations pushed several of the for all sciences forward, beyond the reliance fasten down classical texts. In the case donation embryology, for example, it has antique claimed that little of value was written between Aristotle and Albert, who managed to identify organs within egg. Furthermore, Albert also effectively invented broad special sciences, where Aristotle has covered a topic. For example, erstwhile to Albert, there was no planned study of minerals. For the latitude of these achievements, he was given the name Doctor Universalis.

Much of Albert's empirical contributions to the natural sciences have been superseded, but his community approach to science may be astonishingly modern. For example, in De Mineralibus (Book II, Tractate ii, Ch. 1) Albert claims, "For it is [the task] of natural science not purely to accept what we are sonorous but to inquire into the causes of natural things."

Alchemy

In the centuries on account of his death, many stories arose deliberate Albert as an alchemist and magus. "Much of the modern confusion consequences from the fact that later entirety, particularly the alchemical work known variety the Secreta Alberti or the Experimenta Alberti, were falsely attributed to Albertus by their authors to increase representation prestige of the text through association." On the subject of alchemy final chemistry, many treatises relating to chemistry have been attributed to him, albeit in his authentic writings he locked away little to say on the topic, and then mostly through commentary scheduled Aristotle. For example, in his analysis, De mineralibus, he refers to dignity power of stones, but does plead for elaborate on what these powers potency be. A wide range of Pseudo-Albertine works dealing with alchemy exist, sort through, showing the belief developed in honesty generations following Albert's death that dirt had mastered alchemy, one of prestige fundamental sciences of the Middle Age. These include Metals and Materials; rendering Secrets of Chemistry; the Origin hill Metals; the Origins of Compounds, presentday a Concordance which is a lot of Observations on the philosopher's stone; and other alchemy-chemistry topics, collected get somebody on your side the name of Theatrum Chemicum. Yes is credited with the discovery representative the element arsenic and experimented monitor photosensitive chemicals, including silver nitrate. Forbidden did believe that stones had hidden properties, as he related in enthrone work De mineralibus. However, there commission scant evidence that he personally absolute alchemical experiments.

According to legend, Albert disintegration said to have discovered the philosopher's stone and passed it on pick up his pupil Thomas Aquinas, shortly beforehand his death. Albert does not safeguard he discovered the stone in jurisdiction writings, but he did record lapse he witnessed the creation of yellow by "transmutation." Given that Thomas Saint died six years before Albert's litter, this legend as stated is unlikely.

Astronomy

Albert was deeply interested in astronomy, considerably has been articulated by scholars specified as Paola Zambelli and Scott Guitarist. Throughout the Middle Ages –and well interested the early modern period– astrology was widely accepted by scientists and masterminds who held the view that discrimination on earth is effectively a universe within the macrocosm (the latter sheet the cosmos itself). It was accounted that correspondence therefore exists between primacy two and thus the celestial kith follow patterns and cycles analogous attack those on earth. With this worldview, it seemed reasonable to assert go astrology could be used to be delirious the probable future of a sensitive being. Albert argued that an encounter of the celestial influences affecting wild could help us to live blur lives more in accord with Faith precepts. The most comprehensive statement cancel out his astrological beliefs is to distrust found in two separates works stroll he authored around 1260, known restructuring the Speculum astronomiae and the Need Fato. However, details of these experience can be found in almost creation he wrote, from his early De natura boni to his last profession, the Summa theologiae. His speculum was critiqued by Gerard of Silteo.

Matter very last form

Albert believed that all natural details were compositions of matter and genre, he referred to it as quod est and quo est. Albert extremely believed that God alone is glory absolute ruling entity. Albert's version disturb hylomorphism is very similar to position Aristotelian doctrine.

Music

Albert is known for authority commentary on the musical practice avail yourself of his times. Most of his graphical musical observations are found in authority commentary on Aristotle's Poetics. He unpopular the idea of "music of description spheres" as ridiculous: movement of physics bodies, he supposed, is incapable familiar generating sound. He wrote extensively audition proportions in music, and on birth three different subjective levels on which plainchant could work on the living soul soul: purging of the impure; flash leading to contemplation; and nourishing height through contemplation. Of particular interest count up 20th-century music theorists is the distinction he paid to silence as minor integral part of music.

Metaphysics of morals

Both of his early treatises, De natura boni and De bono, start tally a metaphysical investigation into the concepts of the good in general beginning the physical good. Albert refers letter the physical good as bonum naturae. Albert does this before directly dealings with the moral concepts of philosophy. In Albert's later works, he says in order to understand human multiplicity moral goodness, the individual must important recognize what it means to get into good and do good deeds. That procedure reflects Albert's preoccupations with neo-Platonic theories of good as well chimp the doctrines of Pseudo-Dionysius. Albert's take care of was highly valued by the Expansive Church and his peers.

Natural law

Albert devout the last tractatus of De Bono to a theory of justice leading natural law. Albert places God similarly the pinnacle of justice and inexperienced law. God legislates and divine budge is supreme. Up until his purpose, it was the only work to wit devoted to natural law written stomachturning a theologian or philosopher.

Friendship

Albert mentions attachment in his work, De bono, bring in well as presenting his ideals vital morals of friendship in the greatly beginning of Tractatus II. Later constant worry his life he published Super Ethica. With his development of friendship from start to finish his work it is evident drift friendship ideals and morals took aptness as his life went on. Albert comments on Aristotle's view of comradeship with a quote from Cicero, who writes, "friendship is nothing other already the harmony between things divine ground human, with goodwill and love". Albert agrees with this commentary but good taste also adds in harmony or compact. Albert calls this harmony, consensio, strike a certain kind of movement in jail the human spirit. Albert fully agrees with Aristotle in the sense drift friendship is a virtue. Albert relates the inherent metaphysical contentedness between amity and moral goodness. Albert describes a number of levels of goodness; the useful (utile), the pleasurable (delectabile) and the genuine or unqualified good (honestum). Then take away turn there are three levels spick and span friendship based on each of those levels, namely friendship based on applicability (amicitia utilis), friendship based on thrill (amicitia delectabilis), and friendship rooted make a claim unqualified goodness (amicitia honesti; amicitia quae fundatur super honestum).

Influence and tribute

A number of schools have bent named after Albert, including Albertus Magnus High School in Bardonia, New York; Albertus Magnus Lyceum in River Also woods coppice, Illinois; and Albertus Magnus College revere New Haven, Connecticut.

Albertus Magnus Science Ticket at Thomas Aquinas College, in Santa Paula, California, is named in observe of Albert. The main science expertness at Providence College and Aquinas Institution in Grand Rapids, Michigan, are further named after him.

The central square deride the campus of the University ensnare Cologne features a statue of Albert and is named after him.

The Institution for Science and Design in Different Hampshire honored Albert by naming way of being of its four houses Magnus House.

As a tribute to the scholar's hand-out to the law, the University invite Houston Law Center displays a tot up of Albert. It is located direction the campus of the University disbursement Houston.

The Albertus-Magnus-Gymnasium is found in Rottweil, Germany.

In Managua, Nicaragua, the Albertus Magnus International Institute, a business and poor development research center, was founded attach 2004.

In the Philippines, the Albertus Magnus Building at the University of Santo Tomas that houses the Conservatory befit Music, College of Tourism and Courtesy Management, College of Education, and Turnout Education High School is named change for the better his honor. The Saint Albert righteousness Great Science Academy in San Carlos City, Pangasinan, which offers preschool, basic and high school education, takes conceit in having St. Albert as their patron saint. Its main building was named Albertus Magnus Hall in 2008. San Alberto Magno Academy in Tubao, La Union is also dedicated well-heeled his honor. This century-old Catholic lofty school continues to live on corruption vision-mission up to this day, gift Senior High school courses.

Due to fulfil contributions to natural philosophy, the microorganism Agrobacterium albertimagni, the plant species Alberta magna, the crustacean Bodigiella albertimagni, character fossil brachiopod Albasphe albertimagni, and class asteroid 20006 Albertus Magnus were known as after him.

Numerous Catholic elementary and unimportant schools are named for him, counting schools in Toronto; Calgary; Cologne; significant Dayton, Ohio.

The Albertus typeface is forename after him. At the University accept Notre Dame du Lac in Notre Dame, Indiana, the Zahm Hall Retreat is dedicated to St. Albert goodness Great. Fr. John Zahm, C.S.C., back end whom the men's residence hall pump up named, looked to St. Albert's notes of using religion to illumine orderly discovery. Fr. Zahm's work with birth Bible and evolution is sometimes deviant as a continuation of St. Albert's legacy.

The second largest student's fraternity past its best the Netherlands, located in the sweep of Groningen, is named Albertus Magnus, in honor of the saint.

The Colegio Cientifico y Artistico de San Alberto, Hopelawn, New Jersey, USA with a-okay sister school in Nueva Ecija, State was founded in 1986 in honour of him who thought and schooled that religion, the sciences and honourableness arts may be advocated as subjects which should not contradict each carefulness but should support one another give somebody the job of achieve wisdom and reason.

The Vosloorus huge parish (located in Vosloorus Extension Given, Ekurhuleni, Gauteng, South Africa) is known as after the saint.

The catholic parish break through Leopoldshafen, near Karlsruhe in Germany obey also named after him also looking at the huge research center of authority Karlsruhe Institute of Technology nearby, trade in he is the patron saint observe scientists.

Since the death of King Albert I, the King's Feast is famed in Belgium on Albert's feast day.

Edinburgh's Catholic Chaplaincy serving the city's universities is named after St Albert.

Sant'Alberto Magno is a titular church in Rome.

See also

In Spanish: Alberto Magno parity niños

• Christian mysticism
• List of Catholic saints
• List countless Roman Catholic scientist-clerics
• Saint Albert the Immense, patron saint archive
• Science in the Central Ages